Investigating Unexplained Infertility
When investigating unexplained infertility, healthcare professionals typically conduct a series of tests and evaluations to rule out known factors contributing to infertility and to ensure that all aspects of the reproductive system are functioning normally. Some of the tests commonly performed to determine unexplained infertility include:
Ovulation Testing: This involves tracking the woman's menstrual cycle to ensure that ovulation is occurring regularly. Tests may include tracking basal body temperature, using ovulation predictor kits, or monitoring hormonal changes.
Semen Analysis: A semen analysis is done to evaluate the quality and quantity of sperm. This helps rule out male factor infertility.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG): This is a radiologic procedure in which a contrast dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes to check for any blockages or abnormalities.
Transvaginal Ultrasound: This ultrasound is used to examine the structure of the uterus, ovaries, and the presence of any ovarian cysts or fibroids.
Hormonal Blood Tests: These tests measure hormone levels, including those of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid hormones, and prolactin. Hormonal imbalances can affect fertility.
Ovarian Reserve Testing: This assesses a woman's ovarian reserve or the number and quality of her eggs. Tests may include anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and an antral follicle count.
Endometrial Biopsy: An endometrial biopsy may be performed to check for any abnormalities in the uterine lining.
Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive surgical procedure called laparoscopy may be performed to directly examine the pelvic organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, for any structural issues.
Genetic Testing: Genetic testing may be recommended to identify any genetic factors that could be contributing to infertility.
Cervical Mucus Testing: This evaluates the quality of cervical mucus, which is crucial for sperm transport.
Thyroid Function Testing: Thyroid disorders can affect fertility, so thyroid function tests may be conducted.
If all of these tests come back within normal ranges and there are no obvious issues, the diagnosis of unexplained infertility is made
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